# 【题目】Bishop 2

AtCoder Beginner Contest 246

E - Bishop 2

Time Limit: 6 sec / Memory Limit: 2048 MB

Score : $500$ points

### Problem Statement

We have an $N \times N$ chessboard. Let $(i, j)$ denote the square at the $i$-th row from the top and $j$-th column from the left of this board.
The board is described by $N$ strings $S_i$.
The $j$-th character of the string $S_i$, $S_{i,j}$, means the following.

• If $S_{i,j}=$ ., the square $(i, j)$ is empty.
• If $S_{i,j}=$ #, the square $(i, j)$ is occupied by a white pawn, which cannot be moved or removed.

We have put a white bishop on the square $(A_x, A_y)$.
Find the minimum number of moves needed to move this bishop from $(A_x, A_y)$ to $(B_x, B_y)$ according to the rules of chess (see Notes).
If it cannot be moved to $(B_x, B_y)$, report -1 instead.

### Notes

A white bishop) on the square $(i, j)$ can go to the following positions in one move.

• For each positive integer $d$, it can go to $(i+d,j+d)$ if all of the conditions are satisfied.

• The square $(i+d,j+d)$ exists in the board.
• For every positive integer $l \le d$, $(i+l,j+l)$ is not occupied by a white pawn.
• For each positive integer $d$, it can go to $(i+d,j-d)$ if all of the conditions are satisfied.

• The square $(i+d,j-d)$ exists in the board.
• For every positive integer $l \le d$, $(i+l,j-l)$ is not occupied by a white pawn.
• For each positive integer $d$, it can go to $(i-d,j+d)$ if all of the conditions are satisfied.

• The square $(i-d,j+d)$ exists in the board.
• For every positive integer $l \le d$, $(i-l,j+l)$ is not occupied by a white pawn.
• For each positive integer $d$, it can go to $(i-d,j-d)$ if all of the conditions are satisfied.

• The square $(i-d,j-d)$ exists in the board.
• For every positive integer $l \le d$, $(i-l,j-l)$ is not occupied by a white pawn.

### Constraints

• $2 \le N \le 1500$
• $1 \le A_x,A_y \le N$
• $1 \le B_x,B_y \le N$
• $(A_x,A_y) \neq (B_x,B_y)$
• $S_i$ is a string of length $N$ consisting of . and #.
• $S_{A_x,A_y}=$ .
• $S_{B_x,B_y}=$ .

### Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

$N$
$A_x$ $A_y$
$B_x$ $B_y$
$S_1$
$S_2$
$\vdots$
$S_N$

5
1 3
3 5
....#
...#.
.....
.#...
#....

### Sample Output 1

3

We can move the bishop from $(1,3)$ to $(3,5)$ in three moves as follows, but not in two or fewer moves.

• $(1,3) \rightarrow (2,2) \rightarrow (4,4) \rightarrow (3,5)$

4
3 2
4 2
....
....
....
....

### Sample Output 2

-1

There is no way to move the bishop from $(3,2)$ to $(4,2)$.

### Sample Input 3

18
18 1
1 18
..................
.####.............
.#..#..####.......
.####..#..#..####.
.#..#..###...#....
.#..#..#..#..#....
.......####..#....
.............####.
..................
..................
.####.............
....#..#..#.......
.####..#..#..####.
.#.....####..#....
.####.....#..####.
..........#..#..#.
.............####.
..................

9

### 我的笔记

• 同一个点可走多次，不同方向可以各走一次
• BFS 的步数并不是每次 +1，因此有可能出现 BFS 深度靠后的反而距离较近
• 如果一个点从另一个方向到达距离更近，那么从这个点出发的距离都要更新一遍

01-BFS 有几个区别：

• 使用的双向队列 deque 而不是普通队列 queue
• 每个点的四个方向的距离分别储存，并且各仅可以访问一次
• 如果方向相同，将下一个点进入队首，不同则进入队尾

### 源码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int N;
int Ax, Ay, Bx, By;
bool board[1510][1510];
int dist[1510][1510][4];
bool vis[1510][1510][4];
pair<int, int> dir[4] = {{1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 1}, {-1, -1}};
deque<array<int, 3>> dque;

int bfs()
{
dist[Ax][Ay][0] = dist[Ax][Ay][1] = dist[Ax][Ay][2] = dist[Ax][Ay][3] = 0;
vis[Ax][Ay][0] = vis[Ax][Ay][1] = vis[Ax][Ay][2] = vis[Ax][Ay][3] = true;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
int nxt_x = Ax + dir[i].first;
int nxt_y = Ay + dir[i].second;
if (nxt_x < 1 || nxt_x > N || nxt_y < 1 || nxt_y > N || board[nxt_x][nxt_y])
continue;
dist[nxt_x][nxt_y][i] = 1;
dque.push_front({nxt_x, nxt_y, i});
}
while (!dque.empty())
{
auto cur = dque.front();
dque.pop_front();
if (cur[0] == Bx && cur[1] == By)
return dist[cur[0]][cur[1]][cur[2]];
if (vis[cur[0]][cur[1]][cur[2]])
continue;
vis[cur[0]][cur[1]][cur[2]] = true;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
int nxt_x = cur[0] + dir[i].first;
int nxt_y = cur[1] + dir[i].second;
if (nxt_x < 1 || nxt_x > N || nxt_y < 1 || nxt_y > N || board[nxt_x][nxt_y])
continue;
int tmp = dist[cur[0]][cur[1]][cur[2]];
if (cur[2] != i)
tmp++;
if (tmp < dist[nxt_x][nxt_y][i])
{
dist[nxt_x][nxt_y][i] = tmp;
if (cur[2] == i)
dque.push_front({nxt_x, nxt_y, i});
else
dque.push_back({nxt_x, nxt_y, i});
}
}
}
return -1;
}

int main()
{
memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof(dist));
cin >> N;
cin >> Ax >> Ay >> Bx >> By;
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
{
string row;
cin >> row;
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
{
if (row[j] == '#')
board[i][j + 1] = true;
}
}
cout << bfs() << endl;
return 0;
}